Friday, December 31, 2010

2010 Dramatic Growth of Open Access

2010 was the strongest year for open access growth so far. In 2010, 1,401 journals were added to DOAJ for a total of 5,936 journals. The Electronic Journals Library now records over 27,000 journals that can be read free of charge; over 3,500 were added in 2010. 1,037 journals actively participate in PubMedCentral, an increase of 313 over the past year, and more than half of these journals contribute all articles as open access. PMC now provides access to over 3.2 million free articles, an increase of over 300,000 this year. OpenDOAR lists 1,817 repositories, having added 257 this year. A Scientific Commons search encompasses 38 million items, an increase of over 6 million since last year. There are 261 open access mandate policies, an increase of 83 this year.

Open access mandate policies showed the strongest growth in percentage terms, with a 90% increase in thesis mandates and a 61% increase in departmental mandates, 47% growth in total mandates, and 41% growth in institutional mandates. For links to full details and charts on OA mandate growth, see this post by Alma Swan. A total of 7 measures showed growth of 40% or better, including DOAJ's journals and articles searchable at article level. 7 measures showed growth of 30% or better, including the number of journals in PMC with immediate free access (37%) and the number of journals in PMC with all articles open access (34%), the number of peer-reviewed journals included in Open J-Gate (36%), and the total number of journals included in Open J-Gate (31%), the number of repositories listed in ROAR (34%), and the number of proposed open access mandates (33%). A further 11 measures were 10% or better, including BASE content providers, RePEC (both total items and items available online), and the number of documents in E-LIS and arXiv.

New this issue: historical data has been added to the full data edition (see the DGOA Dataverse to download), thanks to Tim Gray of Homerton College Library) and the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine. The show growth issue focuses on 2010 growth, and includes columns for average daily, weekly, and monthly growth for illustration purposes. New additions include Mendeley and the open data journal policies list at the Open Access Directory (the latter as a first foray into tracking the dramatic growth of open data). A first edition of The Dramatic Growth of Open Access Rationale and Methodology is now available for download from the DGOA Dataverse or for viewing as a Google Doc. For full data that is downloadable as the Dec 31 2010 full data edition or the Dec 31 2010 show growth edition, see the DGOA Dataverse at Harvard; for quick web viewing of the latest data, see the Google Docs Show Growth version. For links to all versions and commentary, see the Dramatic Growth of Open Access Series.

This post was updated Jan. 1, 2010, adding links to Alma Swan's post and the services listed below, and on Jan. 2, 2010, adding links to the Polish version created by E-LIS Editor Bożena Bednarek-Michalska, which can be found here and here. Updated again Jan. 4, adding this link to MIT stats showing the popularity of open educational resources.

A Happy New Year to everyone in the open access movement!

The numbers
: open access status and growth in 2010

DOAJ (peer-reviewed, active, open access journals)
  • 5,936 journals (1,401 journals added in 2010, growth rate 4 titles per day) 31% growth
  • 2,494 journals searchable at article level (735 added in 2010, growth rate 2 per day) 42% growth
  • 490,411 articles searchable at article level (154,912 added in 2010, growth rate 424 per day) 46% growth
Open J-Gate
  • 8,105 journals (1,907 added in 2010, growth rate 5 titles per day) 31% growth
  • 4,877 peer-reviewed journals (1,297 added in 2010, growth rate 3.5 titles per day) 36% growth
Electronic Journals Library (journals that can be read free of charge)
  • 27,030 journals (3,591 added in 2010, growth rate 10 titles per day) 15% growth
Open Journal Systems Journals: 7,500 (about 1,500 growth in 2010)

PubMedCentral Journals
  • 1,037 journals actively participating (313 added in 2010, growth rate about 1 title per day) 43% growth
  • 622 journals provide immediate free access (169 more than a year ago) 37% growth
  • 532 journals provide OA to all articles (136 more than a year ago) 34% growth
PubMedCentral Articles
  • 3.2 million articles (314,422 added in 2010) (see PMC Free tab) (11% growth)
  • CIHR-funded articles freely available: 4,464 (new to DGOA)
  • Wellcome Trust funded articles freely available: 27,572 (new to DGOA)
OpenDOAR (vetted list of repositories)
  • 1,817 repositories (259 added in 2010, growth rate about 1 repository per day) 17% growth
Registry of Open Access Repositories
  • 2,090 repositories (533 added in 2010, growth rate about 2 repositories per day) 34% growth

BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine)
  • 25.5 million documents (3.5 million added in 2010, growth rate about 10,000 per day) 16% growth
  • 1,727 content providers (323 added in 2010, growth rate about 1 repository per day) 23% growth
  • IS BASE's number counter broken? The numbers have not changed this quarter
Scientific Commons
  • 38 million publications (6 million added in 2010, growth rate about 16,000 per day) 19% growth
  • 1,269 repositories (111 added in 2010) 10% growth
  • IS Scientific Commons' number counter broken? The numbers have not changed this quarter
arXiv
  • 650,000 thousand documents (70,092 added in 2010, growth rate about 200 per day) 12% growth
RePEc
  • 860,000 fulltext online (160,000 added in 2010, growth rate over 400 per day) 23% growth
E-LIS
  • 11,420 documents (1,308 added in 2010, growth rate 3.5 documents per day) 13% growth
Mendeley
  • 56 million metadata records; 297,189 articles freely available (new to DGOA)
Open Access Mandate Policies (from ROARMAP)
  • Departmental: 29 (11 added in 2010) 61% growth
  • Funder: 46 (4 added in 2010) 10% growth
  • Institutional: 111 (36 added in 2010) 41% growth
  • Multi-institutional: 1 (1 added in 2010)
  • Thesis: 74 (35 added in 2010) 90% growth
  • Total: 261 (83 added in 2010) 47% growth
  • Proposed mandates: 20 (up 5 from 2010) 33% growth
Open Data Policies: 14 (new to DGOA) (from Open Access Directory journals with open data policies, proposed list)

Highwire Free
  • 2.1 million free articles (161,030 added in 2010) 8% growth
  • 47 completely free sites (1 added in 2010) 2% growth
  • 284 sites with free back issues (1 added in 2010) less than 1% growth
WANTED: macro-level metrics for open data

The open data movement is closely related to the open access movement, and of great interest and use to scholars. It is obvious that there is a lot happening; currently one of my best sources of information is Tracey Lauriault of civicaccess.ca and datalibre.ca fame. As an aside, it is a little ironic that data phenomenon / statistician Tracey is the source par excellence for qualitative information on this matter, whilst I, the critical scholar rather inclined to look with scepticism at purely quantitative research, am apparently the volunteer keeper of the quarterly statistics for the open access movement. Glen Newton points to the 70 online databases that define our planet, from Technology Review, the arXiv physics blog, as further qualitative evidence that there is a lot of quantitative data out there already.

This post is part of the Dramatic Growth of Open Access Series.